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Sinergias educativas
April - June Vol. 6 - 2 2021
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eISSN: 2661-6661
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Page 66 - 79
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Approved: November 14, 2020
Positive and negative impacts of MOOCs
and Webinars in times of COVID-19
Ecuador
Impactos positivos y negativo de los MOOC y Webinars en
tiempos de COVID-19 Ecuador
César Jorge Soledispa Baque
*
Moserratte Isabel Soledispa Baque
*
Juan Antonio Mejía Idrovo
*
Michael Antonio Tomalá De la Cruz
*
Abstract
Given the current situation, the MOOCs courses and the web weekly
webinars from March 2020, have become the main trend in virtual
education as a phenomenon that has caused a very broad effect and
a great impact for the training and cultural enrichment of the human
beings and have opened the doors for new products and services for
the use of society, and have witnessed how people have adapted to
the quarantine caused by the epidemic of the coronavirus of severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), COVID -19. The search
for the information was carried out through the official websites of
the universities and metasearch engines, Google and Google
academic, articles from scientific magazines, and reliable
newspapers, to find out what is the fundamental role that MOOCs
and weekly courses have had. Web Webinars in quarantine time, and
the positive and negative impact they have caused in these times.
* Magister, Docente Unidad Educativa Ancón. Santa
Elena, Ecuador. Email: cesarjorge1@hotmail.com. ORCID:
0000-0002-9316-1262.
* Magister, Docente Unidad Educativa Dr. Luis Celleri
Avilés. Guayaquil, Ecuador. ORCID: 0000-0002-2523-
8336. Email: isa.soledispa.2016@gmail.com.
* Magister, Docente Unidad Educativa Guillermo
Ordoñez. Guayaquil, Ecuador. juni_eladio@hotmail.com,
0000-0003-0492-6997.
* Magister, Docente Unidad Educativa Guillermo
Ordoñez. Guayaquil, Ecuador, mictomcruz@gmail.com.
0000-0003-1104-479X.
Article
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Key words: MOOCs, Webinars, weekly web, Covid-19
Resumen
Ante la actual coyuntura los cursos MOOCs y los semanarios web
Webinars a partir de marzo del 2020, se ha convertido en la principal
tendencia en educación virtual como un fenómeno que ha causado un
efecto muy amplio y de gran impacto para la formación y enriquecimiento
cultural del ser humano y han abierto las puertas para nuevos productos y
servicios para uso de la sociedad, y han sido testigos de cómo las personas
nos hemos adaptado a la cuarentena causada por la epidemia del
coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV),
COVID-19. La búsqueda de la información se las realizó a través de los
sitios web oficiales de las universidades y metabuscadores, Google y
Google académico, artículos de revistas científicas, y periódicos
confiables, para conocer cuál es el rol fundamental que han tenido los
cursos MOOCs y semanarios web Webinars en tiempo de cuarentena, y el
impacto positivo y negativo que han ocasionado en estos tiempos.
Palabras clave: MOOCs, Webinars, semanarios web, Covid-19
Introduction
MOOCS courses appeared a decade ago and have spread throughout
the planet and regions of each country as a phenomenon that has
caused a very broad effect and great impact for training and cultural
enrichment of human beings and have opened the doors for new
products and services for the use of society, MOOCs courses belong
to the evolution of open education on the internet for a new era of
digital revolution, So important that the New York Times
International Magazine in 2012, considered it as "The year of the
MOOC", and in Ecuador according to Carrion (2016), MOOCs
begin to take importance and connotation at the international level
from 2015, being the Universidad Particular de Loja the pioneer in
providing this type of education.
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Webinars, also known as web weeklies, have appeared in recent
years as a tool for remote promotion and communication, leaving
aside the traditional way of organizing events such as conferences,
workshops, seminars, meetings and live virtual classes.
Tajer (2009), referred to Webinars as a resource of growing use that
allows the realization of events such as conferences, workshops,
courses or seminars, which are transmitted over the Internet in a
synchronous manner, that is, in real time, with a previously planned
date and time.
The emergence of an epidemic is not something new in the history
of mankind, in recent years, we are witnessing epidemiological
outbreaks, many of them by viruses that cause social alarm,
according to Wan, Shang, Graham, Baric and Li, (2020), a new
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged from Wuhan, China, causing
symptoms in humans similar to those caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Since the SARS-
CoV outbreak in 2002, COVID-19".
"The recent emergence of the Wuhan coronavirus (2019-
nCoV), has recently caused according to CNN en Español,
more than 4.7 million cases of covid-19 worldwide, including
at least 318,000 deaths CNN Español (2020), and in Ecuador,
Monday May 18: 33582 infected and 2799 dead, according to
El Universo newspaper (2020).
The current scenario caused by the Coronavirus has forged important
challenges for Ecuador and the planet, in our academic context many
educational institutions have seen the need to create interactive
platforms for knowledge transfer based on the web, offering massive
free courses for other institutions of lower hierarchy for example
Universities of category A and B, have offered a number of free
courses for anyone and have made agreements with others for
example the Catholic University has made an agreement with the
Ministry of Education to train teachers of primary and secondary
level through MOOCs and Webinars course.
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The health crisis has also brought challenges for the whole of
society, and many entities have had to undertake a process of
virtualization in order to continue their ongoing activities. In order
to collectively contribute and give support in this global fight against
the virus, in 2019 it was predicted that online training would be a
trend in 2020 and that it would take the lead over face-to-face
training and today we can confirm it, with the arrival of the plague it
has become a reality.
Rodrigo, Samaniego and Blacio (2027) "Massive Open
Online Courses (MOOCs) have become an important means
of contribution of universities towards today's society and at
the same time has allowed them to engage in the digital age,
as an evolution of online learning are achieving increasingly
better learning experiences." (p.2)
With the problematic situation, classroom training was momentarily
paralyzed and the only solution to continue developing talent and
continue training the new generations is thanks to the digital format.
Companies and educational centers have adapted their way of
educating and preparing their teachers and administrative staff with
free massive courses called MOOCs offered by public and private
institutions.
According to Carrión (2018), "Knowledge through the web
provides the opportunity to receive or contribute to topics of
common interest, taking into account that, being open offers,
quality is a decisive element in the impact it can have on
teaching and learning processes. Likewise, it enables the
development of communities of inquiry to collaboratively
build a specific topic or solve social problems" (p.1).
Countless people around the world have found it necessary to stay at
home to avoid the spread of the new coronavirus. For some, isolation
means working remotely in real time from their homes or perhaps in
the office, as well as doing various tasks such as teaching and caring
for their families, and continuing their studies through a virtual
platform.
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The positive impact of MOOC courses is that most of them are
created by prestigious universities around the world, they are free
with the option of paying a fee if you want to get the diploma or
certification, although a good number of educational and non-
educational institutions, MOOCs and Webinars are free including
the certificate as is the case in Ecuador the Universidad Particular de
Loja.
According to (Nicholls, 2020), a writer for Infobae Magazine,
"The most prestigious universities in the world offer 1,686
free courses to cope with the quarantine, institutions such as
Harvard, MIT or Stanford offer online training at no cost.
Among them, there are classes in Spanish. Business, Big
Data, science, marketing, human resources, communication,
languages and even how to create your own app".
MOOC courses, on the other hand, allow us to study and learn at our
own pace, and certain trainings can be started at any time, others do
have a start date. The objective of this mode of education is that they
are flexible to manage our time, we can study day or night or at any
time, according to our needs. Given the health crisis that we are
experiencing worldwide due to COVID-19, some online course
platforms such as Miríada, Coursera, Udacity and edX, have
expanded their offerings of free courses so that we can take
advantage of this quarantine to train and continue learning.
Not all that glitters is gold, everything seemed a wonder until a
reality presents itself, MOOCs courses, are a business for the
institutions that sponsor them and have become a new way to make
money for most of them, to cite a model of the UK scientist Marcus
Hurst, has made several disputes making it clear that scientists do
not charge a penny for all studies funded by the taxpayer to be
accessible on the web for free, According to Hurst (2012). "A course
at Stanford can cost in the neighborhood of $40,000 not counting
cost of living. If we put on average that that course consists of 200
students, in total, that's about $8 million. If we transfer this figure to
open education, if $50 is charged as a kind of fee to each of the
200,000 students taking a hypothetical course, it would raise $10
million. A fee that can be adjusted to the income of the students."
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Table 1: MOOC course income at prestigious universities
The pandemic changed the direction of all educational institutions
and drove them towards greater openness in universities, colleges
and schools, and the businesses that revolve around it can no longer
evade the impact of the Internet, no matter how much they have
managed to do so until now. The disruptive changes provided by the
Net and the open culture it brings with it make this change
unstoppable.
On the other hand, the negative side of the MOOC course and
Webinars is that many people lack internet service because they live
in remote places where there is no access to the service, there is also
a group of people who do not handle technology tools such as
computers and the internet, in teaching many professionals are
resistant to change because of their advanced age have difficulty in
manipulating the tics tools, there are 3% of teachers in Ecuador who
have this problem.
The didactics of MOOC courses often do not meet the requirements
of a virtual education, sometimes they are traditional and that is also
another negative, it is basically expository and does not require much
initiative on the part of the student. In this sense, MOOC courses do
not take full advantage of the potential of ICTs and students drop
out, withdraw and leave the course halfway through.
According to Moreno de Carlos (2014), editorialist of
GlocalThinking magazine, "The main problem of these e-learning
courses is the high dropout rate. According to a recent study
conducted among millions of users of the Coursera platform, only
4% of students enrolled in a MOOC finish them. While 50% only
take one lesson. This is due to the fact that it is not a standard course,
so everyone takes the pace of their learning, which can cause them
to drop out if they are not sufficiently motivated".
Carlos (2014) "Another difficulty presented by MOOCs is the
evaluation method, which is not very precise, how can a course with
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more than 120,000 students be evaluated? Each university or
platform has different evaluation methods, but it is still not very clear
which one is adequate. In addition, there is no personalized attention
to the students".
Materials and methods
The research is based on the search of direct information, such as
scientific articles, documentaries of digital newspaper articles and
press about MOOC and Webinar in time of Covid-19. The
exploration was done in Meta search engines such as Google and
Google Scholar, books and thesis work in the bases of the
universities. The most used words for the search were: MOOC AND
Webinars AND COVID-19.
According to Sanca (2011), "Exploratory research is
conducted with the purpose of highlighting one or more points
of a given problem in addition to finding the best way of how
to approach it" (p.622).
Covid-19 has caused a major health, social and financial crisis
around the world and has prompted governments to take preventive
security measures to save lives and put people in safety with
measures such as partial isolation.
The confinement has made people of different ages increase the
massive use of MOOCs and Webinars as technological tools to be
informed, prepare themselves in a specific area, share content with
their colleagues and followers, teach classes, communicate through
video conferences, lectures, teleworking, etc. In any case, the
quarantine and MOOCs courses and Webinars are witnessing many
of these changes.
The Coronavirus is a pandemic that has taken over the world, the
news and education, the closure of educational establishments by
central governments, and social isolation has made authorities take
preventive measures against the spread of Covd-19, moving
pedagogical activities to their homes, establishments and teachers
have been forced to train in massive MOOC courses and Webinars
offered by institutions and universities for free, this has increased the
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use of online courses and other information technology tools, to then
teach virtual classes and to provide a solution to face-to-face
education.
Authors such as Area, Sannicolás and Borrás (2014), determine that
"A Webinar is a hybrid event that shares and mixes different
characteristics of other academic activities that take place on the
network, very similar to MOOCs in that a large number of users from
different parts of the world can register and participate, often free of
charge, and that such participation can be accredited and produce a
lot of social interaction and debate among them, its duration is
shorter than a MOOC".
Many people have taken advantage of the quarantine to train through
Streaming to strengthen their skills in their jobs and in their personal
preparation, they have started to take specific courses of their
interest, for example, the management of technological tools in the
cloud such as: Zoom, Microsoft Teams, YouTube, Streaming
including Facebook and WhatsApp.
As specified in an article in the digital newspaper El Comercio, "As
part of the covid-19 Educational Plan, the Ministry of Education
coordinated with higher education institutions and private entities a
training program for teachers to strengthen their skills in the digital
field, through participation in courses. 102,000 registrations have
been made in the continuous training programs. Among the
institutions participating are Universidad Central del Ecuador,
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Escuela Politécnica
Nacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Universidad
Indoamérica, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Microsoft Ecuador and
Grupo Edutec" Trujillo (2020).
MOOC courses and Webinars from March 2020, have become a
fundamental pillar and have become an effective tool for the
preparation of people in the different areas of competence specific
to each field or their interest and Webinars, have become an internal
communication strategy in time of confinement making them an
opportunity in time of crisis for teleworking and for virtual education
that replaces face-to-face education in time of covid-19 and to deal
with the significant impact of the epidemic, once published in the
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calendar of events, a Webinar or a MOOC course on official
websites of universities and companies become a trend and demand
expands in this emerging context.
The social crisis of Covid-19 also affects the means and techniques
of internal communication. The change of labor model, with the
transition to telework modalities of functions that never considered
an exclusive use of information technologies as a priority channel of
communication between employers and employees. (Xifra, 2020,
p.8)
Results
In Ecuador the prestigious universities that offered Webinars
Webinars in forty time are: Universidad Espiritu Santo "49", Escuela
Superior Politecnica del Litoral "11", Universidad de Azuay 10,
Universidad Tecnica de Loja "9", Universidad Politecnica Salesiana
"6", Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas- ESPE "3", the search for
information directly in the Meta search engines and the official
websites of each university in the events tab, to ascertain how many
Webinars and MOOCs courses have offered, in isolation time:
According to the analysis of the statistical table, the aspects related
to Webinars are shown, the University that leads the largest offer of
webinars in epidemic time is the Espiritu Santo University, offering
the largest number of Webinar courses according to the needs of the
Ecuadorian society to be trained in difficult times in all areas, free
courses for all its participants.
Until 2015 the Universidad Particular De Loja led the MOOCs
course offering, providing better learning opportunities for their
students and the general public, and in 2018 the Observatory Center
MOOCS UC, performs a scan of new rankings detailing the
following way the scale: The Ecuadorian National Research
Network leads the massive online courses followed by the National
Polytechnic School, The Senescyt and finally the International
University of Ecuador, there is no updated statistical study dated
May 2020, in this way the educational institutions have met the
learning needs of the Ecuadorian community and the update of a new
scan remains for a next investigative work.
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The top most searched MOOCs and Webinars courses in isolation
time are: Teaching and Virtualization, Teaching in times of
pandemic, Socioemotional Learning in times of pandemic, Mental
Health in times of pandemic, Teleworking, Health Crisis, who were
trained more frequently were teachers of colleges and schools, since
university students already have a great advance in this type of
education, the offers were given by the following information
channels, Social Networks, Meta search engines and official
Websites of each institution.
Also, in Ecuador and the world have increased downloads and use
of computer applications, based on different mixes of technology for
different modalities of continuous learning platforms are: Zoom,
YouTube, Facebook, and Microsoft Teams, for teleworking,
meetings and trainings and virtual and live transmission during the
months of March, April and May 2020.
According to Gamboa Romero, M. A., Barros Morales, R. L., &
Barros Bastidas, C. (2016) and Chol and Yano (2020), global actions
are converging in the face of the global pandemic. Beyond the actual
health measures for education, countries have focused on ensuring
the continuation of learning, avoiding interruption as much as
possible. Measures have included introducing or expanding existing
distance education modalities, providing online platforms,
encouraging teachers and school administrators to use applications,
generating and disseminating educational content through television
and other media, using existing teacher-family-student
communication applications, and awareness campaigns or
communication strategies on distance education.
Discussion
MOOCs and Webinars are very important technological tools for
continuous learning of people and society to improve specific skills
in a disciplinary area for work and to change their lifestyles,
currently this type of virtual training have witnessed how the
pandemic Covid-19, has caused profound changes in human
behavior and in the functioning of each of the households.
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One negative aspect of MOOCs and Webinars is that they are offered
in abundance either in social networks, or on official websites of
universities or specific companies that are dedicated to train
authorized, this causes despair and stress because of too much
information on the network, many enroll and achieve their goal, but
others soon abandon the course because some institutions offer
training and charge you for the certificate and that causes annoyance
because it would be a deception and a profit for those who offer
them.
A positive aspect in time of confinement is the increase to 100% of
MOOCS course and Webinars by people of different ages, also the
universities have offered Massive Online course and Webinar
according to the needs as shown in the statistical table Fig. 1, Espiritu
Santo University has a record of 49 Webinars in these times of
quarantine, also it was found that the most used software to meet this
purpose, is the Zoom tools, Microsoft Teams, used for teleworking,
continuing education and conference to be in contact with
employees, sales, and meetings with loved ones as if it were
physically.
As García and Beas (2020) consider, " Academic activities can
continue using tools such as Google Meet, Zoom, Skype, among
others, which have shown stability and confidence for multiple
participants in the review of topics, master classes, journal club,
faculty meetings, among other activities that were previously
performed in person" (p.3).
MOOCs and Webinars courses arise from the need demanded by
today's society and are based on the principle of continuing
education through the World Wide Web as a right to education and
not only because of the emergency but because it replaces face-to-
face education, as a new approach to learning enhanced by
technological tools, also this type of education should be reflected in
the educational laws of Ecuadorian legislation, in higher education
(The LOES) and in the education of the General High School BGU
in (The LOEÏ).
Authors such as Salinas and Luna (2016), state that "One of the
challenges is that technology becomes a true facilitator, a tool that
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helps teachers to provide meaningful teaching in order to obtain
equally meaningful learning. In other words, teachers should apply
ICTs in their daily lives" (p.11).
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