Physical and Mathematical Foundations of Airport Operational Safety: Cotopaxi International Airport, Ecuador

Abstract

This article presents a technical and scientific analysis of the application of physical and mathematical principles in the design of a risk management model for Cotopaxi International Airport in Ecuador. The research is based on international standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It employed quantitative and qualitative analysis through technical observation of airport infrastructure, probabilistic assessment of operational risks, analysis of atmospheric physical variables, and the application of mathematical matrices— , severity, and probability. From a physical standpoint, it was determined that factors such as altitude, atmospheric density, material strength, and coefficients of friction directly affect landing and takeoff operations. Mathematical risk assessment models made it possible to establish critical levels of operational tolerability. It is concluded that the implementation of an Operational Safety Management System (SMS) based on physical and mathematical principles significantly improves the predictive and preventive capabilities regarding airport incidents. The study demonstrates that the integration of quantitative analysis into airport management increases operational efficiency, minimizes risks, and strengthens the sustainability of air transport.